Teknik Beragumentasi Berfikir Sebagai Kecakapan Hidup

DAFTAR ISI
Kata pengantar v
Bab 1 APA ITU ARGUMENTA SI? 1
A. Berpikir .............................................................................. 1
B. Argumentasi...................................................................... 16
1. Menimbang Alternatif.......................................................19
2. Mengiyakan Anteseden......................................................21
3. Menolak Konsekuensi........................................................23
4. Rantai Hipotetis................................................................24
5. Menemukan Sebab............................................................25
6. Argumentasi Statistik........................................................31
7. Argumentasi Analogi.........................................................32
8. Dilema dan Kontra-Dilema.................................................33
9. Kontra-Dilema...................................................................35
10. Reduktio...........................................................................36
11. Abduksi............................................................................39
12. Hipotetiko-Deduktif..........................................................42
13. Dialektik..........................................................................44

Bab 2 MEMERIKSA ARGUMENTA SI 47
A. Memeriksa Argumentasi.................................................... 50
B. Menemukan Kekeliruan Argumentasi................................ 56
1. Kekeliruan Relevansi: Straw Man.......................................57
2. Kekeliruan Relevansi: Pengalihan Perhatian.......................59
3. Kekeliruan Relevansi: Kesimpulan Irelevan........................60
4. Kekeliruan Struktur: Struktur Invalid.................................61
5. Kekeliruan Struktur: Distribusi..........................................63
6. Kekeliruan Struktur: Kekeliruan Proposisi..........................65
7. Kekeliruan Argumentum ad-Hominem...............................66
9. Kekeliruan Argumentum ad Populum................................74
10. Kekeliruan Argumentum ad Baculum...............................76
11. Kekeliruan Argumentum Ad Misericordiam.......................77
12. Kekeliruan Argumentum ad Ignorantiam..........................79
13. Kekeliruan Argumentum ad Verecundiam.........................80
bab 3 membaca kritis 89
A. Pengantar.......................................................................... 89
B. Level Membaca.................................................................. 91
1. Membaca Inspeksional......................................................94
2. Membaca Kritis/Analitis.................................................. 101
c. Pembaca yang Baik...........................................................118
D. Teknik Mencatat...............................................................123
1. Garis Bawah.................................................................... 125
2. Garis Vertikal di Tepi....................................................... 126
3. Bintang atau Asteriks di Tepi........................................... 126
4. Nomor Halaman Lain di Tepi........................................... 127
5. Lingkari Kata Kunci atau Frasa........................................ 128
6. Menulis di Tepi................................................................ 129

Bab 4 Menulis Secara Argumentatif 131
A. Jenis Tulisan.....................................................................131
1. Tulisan Analitik................................................................ 132
2. Tulisan Argumentatif....................................................... 134
B. Komponen Dasar Menulis Argumentatif............................135
1. Mempersempit Ruang Lingkup........................................ 135
2. Membuat Paragraf.......................................................... 138
3. Tesis, Antitesis, Sintesis................................................... 140
4. Proposisi dan Pembuktian.............................................. 141
C. Struktur Tulisan Argumentatif...........................................142
1. Pendahuluan................................................................... 143
2. Ciri Tesis yang Baik.......................................................... 146
3. Tubuh Tulisan.................................................................. 151
4. Kesimpulan..................................................................... 159
5. Koreksi............................................................................ 159
Daftar Pustaka 161